Manuscript Number : GISRRJ236621

Geographic Disparities: A Statistical Examination of Income Variance Among Women Workers in the Carpet Industry in Bhadohi district

Authors(1) :-Archana Maurya

The carpet industry exhibits a pronounced demand for physical labour, with a substantial component of its workforce comprised of marginalised ethnic communities who face unemployment and lack formal education. The job in the carpet business is temporary. A substantial proportion of farmers are engaged in this business. Thus, it enables the efficient redistribution of surplus workforce from agricultural industries. Carpet weaving is an ideal career for persons living in rural regions inside cities and for female workers, as it does not need strenuous physical labour. The workforce is heterogeneous, with individuals from many castes and familial backgrounds, each possessing varying levels of aptitude and wealth. A survey was undertaken in the Bhadohi region to investigate regional differences in income among female workers employed in the carpet industry. For this study, a sample of 350 female employees was selected from 30 carpet manufacturing businesses in the Bhadohi area. For this stratified random sampling is used. Study has revealed a notable disparity in pay among female employees as a result of the distance between their residence and workplace. This article reveals that the geographical location of the workplace significantly influences the income levels of female workers. Individuals residing in rural regions who must commute to metropolitan hubs for employment may have supplementary obstacles or expenditures, such as transit fees or extended commuting durations.

Authors and Affiliations

Archana Maurya
Research Scholar, Department of Economics, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj

Geographic, Disparities, Statistical, Examination, Income, Variance, Among, Women, Workers, Carpet, Industry, Bhadohi.

  1. Majeed, I., & Swalehin, M. (2021). Labour Process in Informal Sector: A Case Study of Carpet Industry. American Review of Political Economy, 16(2).
  2. Majeed, I., & Swalehin, M. (2021). Evaluation of Government Policies in Handicraft Sector in India: A Case Study of Handicraft Sector of Jammu and Kashmir. ANVESHAK-International Journal of Management, 29-42.
  3. Bano, R. (2016). Role of handicrafts in economic development: A case study of carpet industry of India. Social Sciences, 4(03), 2016.
  4. Bano, R., & Fatima, N. (2014). Role of small scale industry and women empowerment: A case study in carpet industry of Bhadohi district, UP. International Journal of Managment, IT and Engineering, 4(3), 152-164.
  5. Majeed, I., & Swalehin, M. (2021). Labour Process in Informal Sector: A Case Study of Carpet Industry. American Review of Political Economy, 16(2).
  6. Saudagar, H., Zeeshan, & Sharma, S. (2017). Women’s Decision Making and Mobility in Carpet Industry: Study of Bhadohi District. SEDME (Small Enterprises Development, Management & Extension Journal), 44(3), 57-69.
  7. Motamedzade, M., & Moghimbeigi, A. (2012). Musculoskeletal disorders among female carpet weavers in Iran. Ergonomics, 55(2), 229-236.
  8. Isik, D. (2008). On Sabır and Agency: The Politics of Pious Practice in Konya's Carpet Weaving Industry. International Feminist Journal of Politics, 10(4), 518-541.
  9. Das, P. K., Shukla, K. P., & Öry, F. G. (1992). An occupational health programme for adults and children in the carpet weaving industry, Mirzapur, India: a case study in the informal sector. Social Science & Medicine, 35(10), 1293-1302.
  10. Choobineh, A., Shahnavaz, H., & Lahmi, M. (2004). Major health risk factors in Iranian hand-woven carpet industry. International journal of occupational safety and ergonomics, 10(1), 65-78.
  11. Gurung, S. H. (2003). Women in factory-based and home-based carpet production in Nepal: Beyond the formal and informal economy. Northeastern University.
  12. O'Neill, T. (2004). Weaving wages, indebtedness, and remittances in the Nepalese carpet industry. Human organization, 63(2), 211-220.
  13. Khoshakhlagh, A. H., Chuang, K. J., & Kumar, P. (2023). Health risk assessment of exposure to ambient formaldehyde in carpet manufacturing industries. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 30(6), 16386-16397.
  14. Wani, K. A., & Khan, R. (2015). Evaluation of occupational exposure of carpet weavers in northern province of Madhya Pradesh (India) during different seasons. Indian journal of occupational and environmental medicine, 19(2), 110.
  15. Khoshakhlagh, A. H., Saberi, H. R., Gruszecka-Kosowska, A., & Kumar, V. (2023). Respiratory functions and health risk assessment in inhalational exposure to vinyl acetate in the process of carpet manufacturing using Monte Carlo simulations. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 30(12), 32560-32572.
  16. Kabeer, N., Milward, K., & Sudarshan, R. (2013). Organising women workers in the informal economy. Gender & Development, 21(2), 249-263.
  17. Kabeer, N., Milward, K., & Sudarshan, R. (2013). Organising women workers in the informal economy. Gender & Development, 21(2), 249-263.
  18. Bonnet, F., Vanek, J., & Chen, M. (2019). Women and men in the informal economy: A statistical brief. International Labour Office, Geneva, 20.
  19. Melcangi, D. (2018). The marginal propensity to hire. FRB of New York Staff Report, (875).
  20. Malik, M. R., & Prasad, R. (2015). Indian carpet industry after trade liberalization. Problems and prospects. Academic Journal of Economic Studies, 1(3), 79-87.
  21. Gite, P., & Kumar Roy, C. (2014). Export markets’ segmentation, performance and marketing of Indian carpet industry: A BCG matrix approach. Pacific Business Review, 6(11), 28-33.
  22. Hansen, A., & Rosell, P. D. (2012). Children Working in the Carpet industry of Pakistan: Prevalence and Conditions.
  23. Saudagar, H., Zeeshan, & Sharma, S. (2017). Women’s Decision Making and Mobility in Carpet Industry: Study of Bhadohi District. SEDME (Small Enterprises Development, Management & Extension Journal), 44(3), 57-69.
  24. Majeed, I., & Swalehin, M. (2020). Carpet Weaving Occupation in Kashmir: An Analysis of Socio-economic Conditions of Carpet Weavers of Pulwama District. Asian Journal of Economics, Business and Accounting, 16(1), 41-49.
  25. District Industrial Profile of Sant Ravidas Nagar (Bhadohi), Ministry of MSME, Government of India. MSME-DI Allahabad. 
  26. http://www.india-carpet.com
  27.  http://www.emergingbhadohi.com 16. Carpet Export promotion council.

Publication Details

Published in : Volume 6 | Issue 6 | November-December 2023
Date of Publication : 2023-12-30
License:  This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Page(s) : 147-153
Manuscript Number : GISRRJ236621
Publisher : Technoscience Academy

ISSN : 2582-0095

Cite This Article :

Archana Maurya , "Geographic Disparities: A Statistical Examination of Income Variance Among Women Workers in the Carpet Industry in Bhadohi district", Gyanshauryam, International Scientific Refereed Research Journal (GISRRJ), ISSN : 2582-0095, Volume 6, Issue 6, pp.147-153, November-December.2023
URL : https://gisrrj.com/GISRRJ236621

Article Preview